📘 Vocabulary Summary: Ancient Money
as a medium of
- 词性：phr.
- 释义：作为……的媒介
- 例句：Money served as a medium of exchange in barter and trade.
barter
- 词性：n./v.
- 释义：以物易物
- 例句：Barter was the earliest form of trade before coinage.
thereof
- 词性：adv./formal
- 释义：由此，其
- 例句：from necessity thereof.
lumps
- 词性：n.
- 释义：块状物
- 例句：Gold and silver were originally in lumps, nuggets and bars.
nuggets
- 词性：n.
- 释义：小金块
- 例句：Gold nuggets were used before standardized coins.
the purity of
- 词性：phr.
- 释义：……的纯度
- 例句：There was no certainty of the purity of the metal.
vouched for
- 词性：v. (past)
- 释义：担保，作保证
- 例句：These divisions were gradually made, vouched for, and a die stamp invented.
attesting
- 词性：v. (present participle)
- 释义：证明，作证
- 例句：Thereby attesting to its purity and value.
coinage
- 词性：n.
- 释义：铸币制度
- 例句：So originated the first acts of coinage.
crude
- 词性：adj.
- 释义：粗糙的
- 例句：They began to impress upon their coins crude portraits.
portraits
- 词性：n.
- 释义：肖像
- 例句：Crude portraits or heads of living persons and rulers.
standpoint
- 词性：n.
- 释义：立场，角度
- 例句：From an artistic standpoint, money began to deteriorate.
deteriorate
- 词性：v.
- 释义：退化，恶化
- 例句：The coinage of money began to deteriorate.
hieroglyphics
- 词性：n.
- 释义：象形文字
- 例句：The peculiar hieroglyphics thereon being generally the emperor’s name.
thereon
- 词性：adv.
- 释义：在其上
- 例句：The hieroglyphics thereon being generally the emperor’s name.
symmetry
- 词性：n.
- 释义：对称性
- 例句：Coins began to show gradual improvement and symmetry.
peculiar
- 词性：adj.
- 释义：独特的
- 例句：The peculiar hieroglyphics...
porcelain
- 词性：n.
- 释义：瓷器
- 例句：They also made use of porcelain and small seashells.
bead
- 词性：n.
- 释义：珠子
- 例句：The need of stringing them like beads for preservation.
furnished
- 词性：v. (past)
- 释义：提供
- 例句：The first money used in America was furnished chiefly by Great Britain and Spain.
chiefly
- 词性：adv.
- 释义：主要地
- 例句：Furnished chiefly by Great Britain and Spain.
scarcity
- 词性：n.
- 释义：稀缺，缺乏
- 例句：The limited amount, scarcity, and need of it tempted the colony...